Beyond the classroom
Why learning by doing belongs right alongside learning by reading.
By Dr. Barbara J. Kinney ยท 6 min readClassrooms matter. Teachers open doors that nothing else can, and the knowledge young people build in school is the foundation for everything that follows. But knowledge that stays on a page is fragile. The learning that lasts is the learning we get to use.
Educational psychologists have described this for decades. David Kolb's experiential learning theory describes learning as a cycle: we have a concrete experience, reflect on it, make sense of it, and then try what we learned in a new situation. Each turn of the cycle deepens understanding. Reading about soil is one thing. Kneeling in a community garden, noticing which seedlings thrive and asking why, is another.
Experience does not replace the classroom. It gives the classroom somewhere to land.
What the research shows
Service learning, which pairs real community service with intentional learning, is one of the most studied forms of experiential education. A meta-analysis published in the Journal of Experiential Education combined 62 controlled studies involving 11,837 students. Compared with students who did not take part, students in service learning programs showed significant gains in five areas: attitudes toward themselves, attitudes toward school and learning, civic engagement, social skills and academic performance.
Controlled studies of service learning, involving 11,837 students, showed gains in five areas, including academic performance.
The same research found that how programs are run matters. The strongest results came from programs that linked the service to what students were learning, gave students a real voice in the work and built in structured reflection. Doing is powerful. Doing and then thinking about it is transformative.
In addition to, not instead of
The goal is not to choose between the classroom and the world. Young people need both. The classroom gives them the language and the tools. Experience gives those tools a purpose, and shows them where their learning could take them.
That belief is built into every SPARRKE experience. Members follow the same four steps every time: Experience, Reflect, Connect and Apply. They go and do it. They talk about what it meant. They link it to school and to their own lives. Then they carry it into the next step of the climb. It is a simple cycle, designed by an educational psychologist, and it turns a field trip into a journey.
- Celio, Durlak and Dymnicki, "A Meta-Analysis of the Impact of Service-Learning on Students," Journal of Experiential Education 34(2), 164 to 181 (2011)
- Kolb, D. A., Experiential Learning: Experience as the Source of Learning and Development (1984)